Combining physical vapor deposition structuration with dealloying for the creation of a highly efficient SERS platform

• Adrien Chauvin,
• Walter Puglisi,
• Damien Thiry,
• Cristina Satriano,
• Rony Snyders and
• Carla Bittencourt

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2023, 14, 83–94, doi:10.3762/bjnano.14.10

• use of Taro leaves or rose petals as substrates for silver PVD coating leads to a SERS detection limit down to 10−8 mol·L−1 and 10−9 mol·L−1, respectively, for rhodamine 6G (R6G) [55][56]. Moreover, the use of silver-coated paper as a SERS substrate reveals a detection limit down to 10−10 mol·L−1 for

Revealing local structural properties of an atomically thin MoSe₂ surface using optical microscopy

• Lin Pan,
• Peng Miao,
• Anke Horneber,
• Alfred J. Meixner,
• Pierre-Michel Adam and
• Dai Zhang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 572–581, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.49

• , including graphene and 2D-TMDC materials, are unique platforms for SERS investigations based on the chemical mechanism [21]. Recently, enhanced Raman signals of rhodamine 6G (R6G) molecules on an oxygen plasma-treated MoS2 flake were reported, because the symmetry of the R6G molecule can be modified through

Detection and imaging of Hg(II) in vivo using glutathione-functionalized gold nanoparticles

• Gufeng Li,
• Shaoqing Li,
• Rui Wang,
• Min Yang,
• Lizhu Zhang,
• Yanli Zhang,
• Wenrong Yang and
• Hongbin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 549–559, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.46

• molecules, which can then be used, for example, to detect metal ions in solution. Herein, we describe 13 nm GNPs functionalized by glutathione (GSH) and conjugated with a rhodamine 6G derivative (Rh6G2), which can be used to detect Hg(II) in cells. The detection of Hg2+ ions is based on an ion-catalyzed

• the fluorescent “ON” form. Keywords: cell imaging; fluorescence probes; glutathione; gold nanoparticles; mercury ions; rhodamine 6G derivatives; Introduction Metal nanoparticles have been widely used in the development and construction of sensor systems and drug carriers due to their excellent

• capabilities of the GSH-modified GNPs, additional modification strategies are needed. In this study, rhodamine 6G derivative conjugated to GSH-modified GNPs (GNPs-GSH-Rh6G2) was designed and synthesized in order to effectively tune the properties of GSH-functionalized GNPs for the detection of Hg2+ and cell

Zinc oxide nanostructures for fluorescence and Raman signal enhancement: a review

• Ioana Marica,
• Fran Nekvapil,
• Maria Ștefan,
• Cosmin Farcău and
• Alexandra Falamaș

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2022, 13, 472–490, doi:10.3762/bjnano.13.40

• detection of dopamine, an enhancement factor of Au–ZnO NRs greater than 1.2 × 104 was obtained. The 3D SERS substrates based on Ag/ZnO/Au structures showed a higher SERS enhancement factor of 1 × 1010 and a limit of detection (LOD) down to 10−16 for rhodamine 6G (R6G) [68]. In this case, the charge transfer

• main electromagnetic “hot spots” that generated enhanced Raman signal. An EF of 106–107 was obtained for rhodamine 6G peaks [34]. Shape-controlled nanostructured Au–ZnO substrates obtained by photochemical reduction using various additives presented variable SERS intensities for rhodamine 6G detection

• at the ZnO–analyte or ZnO–Ag NP interface. Chin et al. [53] fabricated polydopamine-ZnO–based substrates using increasing Ag NP deposition times and observed a gradually decrease of the detected concentration of rhodamine 6G with increasing deposition time. However, for longer deposition times, which

Fabrication of nano/microstructures for SERS substrates using an electrochemical method

• Jingran Zhang,
• Tianqi Jia,
• Xiaoping Li,
• Junjie Yang,
• Zhengkai Li,
• Guangfeng Shi,
• Xinming Zhang and
• Zuobin Wang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1568–1576, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.139

• electrochemical method, three-dimensional arrayed nanopore structures are machined onto a Mg surface. The structured Mg surface is coated with a thin gold (Au) film, which is used as a surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) substrate. A rhodamine 6G (R6G) probe molecule is used as the detection agent for the

Transient coating of γ-Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles with glutamate for its delivery to and removal from brain nerve terminals

• Konstantin Paliienko,
• Artem Pastukhov,
• Michal Babič,
• Daniel Horák,
• Olga Vasylchenko and
• Tatiana Borisova

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1381–1393, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.122

• membrane potential was examined using rhodamine 6G (0.5 µM), a potentiometric fluorescent dye. The synaptosomal suspension at a concentration of 0.2 mg protein per mL was preincubated at 37 °C for 10 min in a stirred thermostated cuvette. In order to estimate alterations in the membrane potential, the

• ratio (F), index of the membrane potential, was calculated as F = Ft/F0, where F0 and Ft were the fluorescence intensities of rhodamine 6G in the absence and presence of nerve terminals, respectively. F0 was calculated through extrapolation of the exponential decay function to t = 0. The fluorescence

• measurements were carried out using the potential-sensitive fluorescent dye rhodamine 6G, which binds to negatively charged membranes. The addition of synaptosomes to the dye-containing medium was accompanied by a partial decrease in fluorescence signal due to rhodamine 6G binding to the synaptosomal plasma

Highly sensitive detection of estradiol by a SERS sensor based on TiO₂ covered with gold nanoparticles

• Andrea Brognara,
• Ili F. Mohamad Ali Nasri,
• Beatrice R. Bricchi,
• Andrea Li Bassi,
• Caroline Gauchotte-Lindsay,
• Matteo Ghidelli and
• Nathalie Lidgi-Guigui

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2020, 11, 1026–1035, doi:10.3762/bjnano.11.87

• as SERS substrate for the detection of rhodamine 6G and other organic molecules. They obtained stable and reproducible results with a detection limit down to 10 µM, while also showing high recyclability through cleaning via UV irradiation. However, a main drawback of these methodologies is the use of

The role of Ag⁺, Ca²⁺, Pb²⁺ and Al³⁺ adions in the SERS turn-on effect of anionic analytes

• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu,
• Loredana F. Leopold and
• Nicolae Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 2338–2345, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.224

• technique with detection limits below nanomolar concentrations and is able to resolve single molecules of cationic dyes such as rhodamine 6G or crystal violet. The SERS detection of such cationic analytes has been achieved by using chloride-activated colloids, with chloride assuming the role of an

• SERS effect for cationic molecules [13][14]. Moreover, we showed in our studies that Ag+, Ca2+ or Mg2+ adions promote the chemisorption of Cl−, thus forming specific SERS-active sites for cationic molecules such as rhodamine 6G at 10−11 M or nile blue at 10−8 M. In this low-concentration regime, we

Materials nanoarchitectonics at two-dimensional liquid interfaces

• Katsuhiko Ariga,
• Michio Matsumoto,
• Taizo Mori and
• Lok Kumar Shrestha

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1559–1587, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.153

• transfer within the assembled structures. Acharya, Shrestha, and co-workers decorated one-dimensional C60 nanorods with zero-dimensional Ag nanoparticles that were used as substrates for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) to detect model targets such as rhodamine 6G with high sensitivity [246]. This

A silver-nanoparticle/cellulose-nanofiber composite as a highly effective substrate for surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy

• Yongxin Lu,
• Yan Luo,
• Zehao Lin and
• Jianguo Huang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1270–1279, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.126

• detection limit down to the sub-attomolar (1 × 10−16 M) level and an enhancement factor of 3 × 106 were achieved by using Rhodamine 6G as the analyte. Moreover, this substrate was applied to monitor the molecular recognition through multiple hydrogen bonds in between nucleosides of adenosine and thymidine

• (Ag-NP/cellulose-NF) showed a very good SERS performance. In the optimized case, the detection limit of Rhodamine 6G (R6G) was as low as 1 × 10−16 M (sub-attomolar level) with just a small droplet of solution needed (10 µL). This is superior to some of the reported works mentioned above [55][56][57

• good agreement with the afore-mentioned characterizations. SERS performance of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF substrate The performance of the Ag-NP/cellulose-NF composite sheets as SERS substrates was investigated by using Rhodamine 6G (R6G, inset of Figure 4a) as probe molecule. Neither the filter paper

Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as a saturable absorber for giant chirped pulse generation

• Ji-Shu Liu,
• Xiao-Hui Li,
• Abdul Qyyum,
• Yi-Xuan Guo,
• Tong Chai,
• Hua Xu and
• Jie Jiang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 1065–1072, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.107

• lasers and can effectively overcome the shortcomings of actively mode-locked lasers, which require an electronic driver and active modulator that make the system more complex and unstable. In 1972, Ippen realized continuous mode-locked pulse output using a dye SA (rhodamine 6G) [8]. Bell labs used an

Zn/F-doped tin oxide nanoparticles synthesized by laser pyrolysis: structural and optical properties

• Florian Dumitrache,
• Iuliana P. Morjan,
• Elena Dutu,
• Ion Morjan,
• Claudiu Teodor Fleaca,
• Monica Scarisoreanu,
• Alina Ilie,
• Marius Dumitru,
• Cristian Mihailescu,
• Adriana Smarandache and
• Gabriel Prodan

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2019, 10, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.10.2

• ], photocatalysts for rhodamine 6G dye degradation in aqueous solution [27] and were proposed as a thermal UV sensor for high-radiation environments [4]. Moreover, the ZTO materials were also employed as volatile organic compound (VOC) (such as methanol, ethanol or acetone vapors) sensors [28], as an anode for Li

Low cost tips for tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy fabricated by two-step electrochemical etching of 125 µm diameter gold wires

• Antonino Foti,
• Francesco Barreca,
• Enza Fazio,
• Cristiano D’Andrea,
• Paolo Matteini,
• Onofrio Maria Maragò and
• Pietro Giuseppe Gucciardi

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2718–2729, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.254

• . Finally, a spatial resolution of ≈5 nm is shown on TERS maps of rhodamine 6G (R6G) sub-monolayers absorbed onto gold monocrystals. Experimental Gold wires (125 μm diameter, Advent AU517311, high purity 99.99%, temper hard) are etched in a 10 mL solution 1:1 v/v of fuming hydrochloric acid (>37 wt %) and

• on the shaft (red line). Typical laser powers are 1.0–2.5 mW and integration times are 0.5–1.0 s per pixel. TERS spectra of dyes, pigments and biomolecules The tips have been applied to evaluate the spectra of analyze standard dye molecules such as rhodamine 6G (R6G), crystal violet (CV), methylene

Polarization-dependent strong coupling between silver nanorods and photochromic molecules

• Gwénaëlle Lamri,
• Alessandro Veltri,
• Jean Aubard,
• Pierre-Michel Adam,
• Nordin Felidj and
• Anne-Laure Baudrion

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2657–2664, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.247

• or cavities [15]. As plasmonic resonances are low quality resonators, the strong coupling regime has been mainly studied with molecular J-aggregates, exhibiting very sharp excitonic peaks [20][21]. Even if some studies have also used rhodamine 6G and metallic nanoparticles, which are both bad

The role of adatoms in chloride-activated colloidal silver nanoparticles for surface-enhanced Raman scattering enhancement

• Nicolae Leopold,
• Andrei Stefancu,
• Krisztian Herman,
• István Sz. Tódor,
• Stefania D. Iancu,
• Vlad Moisoiu and
• Loredana F. Leopold

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 2236–2247, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.208

• of chloride was reported in several studies. Futamata and Maruyama showed that Cl− ions induce the electronic interaction between silver nanoparticles and rhodamine 6G (R6G), leading to intense SERS spectra [28]. Doering and Nie highlighted the activating effect of halide ions such as Cl−, Br− or I

• . Ph. Eur., Merck), 9-aminoacridine hydrochloride monohydrate (for synthesis, Merck) and rhodamine 6G (99%, Sigma-Aldrich) were dissolved in ultrapure water (Direct-Q 3 UV, Millipore, resistivity higher than 18 MΩ). Synthesis of silver colloids The synthesis of all silver colloids used in this study is

Facile chemical routes to mesoporous silver substrates for SERS analysis

• Elina A. Tastekova,
• Alexander Y. Polyakov,
• Anastasia E. Goldt,
• Alexander V. Sidorov,
• Alexandra A. Oshmyanskaya,
• Irina V. Sukhorukova,
• Dmitry V. Shtansky,
• Wolgang Grünert and
• Anastasia V. Grigorieva

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2018, 9, 880–889, doi:10.3762/bjnano.9.82

• and Raman signal enhancement mediators. The efficiency of silver reduction was characterized by X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The developed substrates were applied for SERS detection of rhodamine 6G (enhancement factor of about 1–5 × 105) and an anti-ischemic mildronate drug

• fabricate mesoporous silver films from partially oxidized sputtered silver films. Both mesoporous silver cubes and films act as effective SERS mediators as revealed by test experiments employing rhodamine 6G. We also demonstrated the detection of an anti-ischemic mildronate (meldonium) drug, which is widely

• spectroscopy of rhodamine 6G (R6G) was performed using 5 μL droplets and the concentration range of the analyte was 10−8–10−6 M. The corresponding Raman spectra for R6G deposited onto pristine silver oxide samples contained no signal from the model analyte but only noisy background, indicating luminescence

PTFE-based microreactor system for the continuous synthesis of full-visible-spectrum emitting cesium lead halide perovskite nanocrystals

• Chengxi Zhang,
• Weiling Luan,
• Yuhang Yin and
• Fuqian Yang

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2521–2529, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.252

• rhodamine 6G, the QY = 95% in ethanol) than the highly luminescent CdSe QDs reported in literature [25][34][35][36][37]. The green QDs have a QY of 90.55%. The QDs with the Stokes shift from 13–35 nm are highly suitable for applications in white-light diodes (WLEDs) [1]. To study the effect of the reaction

• rhodamine 6G (QY = 95% in ethanol [40]). HRTEM images were taken on a TEM (JEM-2100F, Jeol, USA) operated at 200 kV, and the sample was prepared by dipping an amorphous carbon–copper grid in a dilute n-hexane dispersed QD solution. The sample was then left to evaporate at room temperature. X-ray diffraction

Fabrication of gold-coated PDMS surfaces with arrayed triangular micro/nanopyramids for use as SERS substrates

• Jingran Zhang,
• Yongda Yan,
• Peng Miao and
• Jianxiong Cai

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 2271–2282, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.227

• the structures were successfully transferred to a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) surface using a reverse nanoimprinting approach. The structured PDMS surface is coated with a thin Au film, and the final substrate is demonstrated as a surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) substrate. Rhodamine 6G (R6G

• method proposed in this paper is reliable, replicable, homogeneous and low-cost for the fabrication of SERS substrates. Keywords: micro/nanopyramid; nanoimprinting; PDMS substrate; rhodamine 6G; SERS; Introduction Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a prominent, highly analytical tool for the

• rhodamine 6G (R6G) were detected as test analytes [17]. The micro/nanostructures of a blue butterfly wing were used as a template, and a SERS substrate was produced and utilized to detect rhodamine dye for the elimination of organic pollutants [19]. Additionally, pyramidal array structures on conventional

AgCl-doped CdSe quantum dots with near-IR photoluminescence

• Pavel A. Kotin,
• Sergey S. Bubenov,
• Natalia E. Mordvinova and
• Sergey G. Dorofeev

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 1156–1166, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.117

• with a Varian Cary 50 spectrophotometer from 300 to 1100 nm. The fluorescence was measured with 405 nm laser excitation and detected by an Ocean Optics USB 4000 spectrometer calibrated by a 2600 K W-lamp (450–1100 nm). The energy QYs were determined in diluted dispersions relative to rhodamine 6G

Synthesis of graphene–transition metal oxide hybrid nanoparticles and their application in various fields

• Arpita Jana,
• Elke Scheer and
• Sebastian Polarz

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2017, 8, 688–714, doi:10.3762/bjnano.8.74

• cycling stability [166]. Geng et al. have prepared Fe3O4–rGO hybrids by one-pot solution chemistry which have good adsorption capability of various dyes (rhodamine B, rhodamine 6G, acid blue 92, orange (II), malachite green, and new coccine) [167]. These materials could be easily separated from the

The influence of phthalocyanine aggregation in complexes with CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on the photophysical properties of the complexes

• Irina V. Martynenko,
• Anna O. Orlova,
• Vladimir G. Maslov,
• Anatoly V. Fedorov,
• Kevin Berwick and
• Alexander V. Baranov

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 1018–1027, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.94

• [38][39] using Rhodamine 6G in ethanol (φR = 0.95) [45] as a reference fluorophore. Photosens® has a PL QY of ca. 12% in aqueous solution [41]. The QD samples have a PL QY > 20% in hydrophobic solvents and of about 10% in aqueous solutions. Light with wavelengths of 475 and 640 nm was used for PL

Controlled graphene oxide assembly on silver nanocube monolayers for SERS detection: dependence on nanocube packing procedure

• Martina Banchelli,
• Bruno Tiribilli,
• Roberto Pini,
• Luigi Dei,
• Paolo Matteini and
• Gabriella Caminati

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2016, 7, 9–21, doi:10.3762/bjnano.7.2

• rhodamine 6G adsorbed on a combination of graphene oxide and AgNCs arrays [21]. In a closely related paper by our group [22], we investigated the influence of thickness and structuring of the graphene oxide layer covering a Langmuir–Blodgett film of silver nanocubes on SERS detection, in the same paper [22

A facile method for the preparation of bifunctional Mn:ZnS/ZnS/Fe₃O₄ magnetic and fluorescent nanocrystals

• Houcine Labiadh,
• Tahar Ben Chaabane,
• Romain Sibille,
• Lavinia Balan and
• Raphaël Schneider

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1743–1751, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.178

• rhodamine 6G in ethanol (QY = 94%). The magnetic measurements were carried out using the physical properties measurement system (PPMS) from Quantum Design. The hysteresis loops were recorded at 2 K and 300 K in the range −9 T to +9 T. The thermal variation of the magnetization was studied using zero-field

Charge carrier mobility and electronic properties of Al(Op)₃: impact of excimer formation

• Andrea Magri,
• Pascal Friederich,
• Bernhard Schäfer,
• Valeria Fattori,
• Xiangnan Sun,
• Timo Strunk,
• Velimir Meded,
• Luis E. Hueso,
• Wolfgang Wenzel and
• Mario Ruben

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2015, 6, 1107–1115, doi:10.3762/bjnano.6.112

• yield was computed using rhodamine 6G as reference [42][43]. Characterization in thin film The evaporation of the samples on quartz substrates was carried out using an Edwards Auto 306 evaporator equipped with a high vacuum chamber (10−6 mbar) and a frequency thickness monitor (FTM) to check the

Effects of surface functionalization on the adsorption of human serum albumin onto nanoparticles – a fluorescence correlation spectroscopy study

• Pauline Maffre,
• Stefan Brandholt,
• Karin Nienhaus,
• Li Shang,
• Wolfgang J. Parak and
• G. Ulrich Nienhaus

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol. 2014, 5, 2036–2047, doi:10.3762/bjnano.5.212

• (Varian, Palo Alto, CA) and excitation and emission spectra were recorded on a Fluorolog-3 spectro-fluorometer (HORIBA Jobin Yvon, Edison, NJ). Quantum yields were determined relative to rhodamine 6G (R6G) [62]. Size and charge determination Hydrodynamic radii of the ligand-stabilized QDs (dissolved in

• . The diffusion time τD is related to the translational diffusion coefficient of the NPs, D = r02/4τD. Before fitting the FCS autocorrelation data to the NP-protein association using Equation 3, the FCS curves of the rhodamine 6G reference sample (with known diffusion coefficient, D = (4.14 ± 0.05) × 10